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India
The various anti fraud and anti corruption agencies in India can be categorised into the following:
I. Vigilance Agencies:
(i) Comptroller and auditor general of India (CAG)
www.cag.gov.in
The CAG is constituted under the Constitution of India. It can order an audit to be conducted into the accounts of the government and all agencies under it and which are substantially financed by it. The CAG reports on any irregularity, illegality, wastage or misuse of governmental funds or moneys and the report can form the basis of any further action in accordance with law.
(ii) Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)
www.cvc.nic.in
CVC is a statutory body which acts as an independent vigilance body, free of control from the executive. It also advises and assists the Government and its various authorities and agencies in combating corruption.
II. Investigation Agencies:
(i) Serious Fraud Investigation Officer (SFIO)
www.sfio.nic.in
The SFIO is a multi-disciplinary organisation under Ministry of Corporate Affairs, consisting of experts from various fields (e.g. accountancy, forensic auditing, law, information technology, investigation, company law, capital market, taxation) for detecting and prosecuting or recommending for prosecution white-collar crimes/frauds.
III. Investigation & Enforcement Agencies:
(i) Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
www.cbi.nic.in
The CBI is the principal investigative agency of the Union Government in anti-corruption matters. It generally steps in where cross-border or inter-state crimes are involved. The CBI derives its powers from the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946 (DSPE Act). The Special Police Establishment (which is part of CBI) has three units, (i) Anti-corruption Division, (ii) Economic Offences Wing, and (iii) Special Crimes Division.
(ii) Directorate of Enforcement (DOE)
www.directorateofenforcement.gov.in
One of the major functions of the DOE is the enforcement of Foreign Exchange Management Act 1999 and the Prevention of Money Laundering Act 2002. The organisation falls under the Ministry of Finance and has its headquarters at New Delhi.
IV. Co-ordination Agencies:
(i) Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU – IND)
www.fiuindia.gov.in
The India chapter of the FIU (FIU – Ind) reports directly to the Finance Minister. It was set by the Government of India on 18th November 2004, as the central national agency responsible for receiving, processing, analyzing and disseminating information relating to suspect financial transactions. It is also responsible for coordinating and strengthening efforts of national and international intelligence, investigation and enforcement agencies in pursuing the global efforts against money laundering and related crimes.
(ii) Economic Intelligence Council (EIC)
http://www.ceib.nic.in/eic.htm#eic_role
Economic Intelligence Council is established by the Government of India (under the Ministry of Finance) to facilitate coordination amongst the Enforcement Agencies dealing with economic offences and ensure operational coordination amongst them.
(ii) Central Economic Intelligence Bureau (CEIB)
http://www.ceib.nic.in/ceib.htm
CEIB is set up under the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance for implementation of the COFEPOSA (i.e. Conservation of Foreign Exchange & Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act, 1971). It also acts as a Secretariat of the Economic Intelligence Council.
Legal Resources (for Indian Statutes, Rules, Regulations, case laws)
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Supreme Court of India. |
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Delhi High Court. |
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Bombay High Court (Mumbai). |
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Calcutta High Court (Kolkata). |
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Madras High Court (Chennai). |
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Links to the various other High courts and Tribunals / Commissions. |
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Judgments of the Supreme Court and various High Courts and Tribunals |
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Indian statutes (judgments, articles). |
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Excise, customs and service tax Statutes, Rules, Circulars and updates. |
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Tax Laws (and Rules) and recent developments. |
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The most popular paid website for legal resources in India is www.manupatra.com.